Method for making carbureted water gas



April 28, 1942. H. e. TERZIAN METHOD FOR MAKING CARBURETTED WATE IR GASFi led May 11, 1958 5 Sheets-Sheet l w kmw w QQLQQWRQ INVENTOR BY%/6 GMA ATTORNEY April 1942- H. G. TERZIAN METHOD FOR MAKING CARBURETTEDWATER GAS Filed May 11, 1938 s Sheets-Sheet 2 w 3.x kuvR QQRNQ QQINVENTO a M B ATTORNEY April 1942- H. G. TERZIAN 2,280,869

METHOD FOR MAKING CARBURETTED WATER GAS Filed May 11, 1938 3Sheets-Sheet 3 Jam-78H Mt /Wee I INVENTOR BY/EAGM Patented Harntynn G.Teraian, Philadelphia, Pa., assignor to United Engineers & ConstructorsInc., a

corporation of Delaware Application May 11, 1938. Serial No. 2b7,z15 8Claims. (cl; 48-205) This invention pertains generally to theproduction' of manufactured gas and pertains particularly to a gasmaking process and apparatus designed for increased economies andcapacities.

In the manufacture of ordinary water gas, more commonly known as bluegas, and in the manufacture of carbureted water gas, a generator havinga fuel bed is employed. In both cases the fuel bed is intermittentlyblasted with air to bring it up to temperature and to store'heat thereinsufllcient for the succeeding gas making run or runs. In the case ofcarbureted water gas manufacture, however, it is also necessary toheatan oil vaporizing chamber or chambers such as a carbureter and asuperheater. 'I'he'conventional way of accomplishing this end is to passthe hot blast gases from the generator through the carbureter andsuperheater, and to supply these gases with additional air, knowngenerally as secondary air, for burning the combustibles therein.

In other words, in the case of blue gas manufacture the blasts areregulated solely with the view of bringing the generator fire totheproper temperature with a minimum production of combustible gaseswhereupon gas making begins at once, whereas, in the case of carburetedwater gas manufacture it is necessary to continue the blast and producesuiiicient combustible gas for burning in the oarbureter and/orsuperheater to bring the checkerbrick of the carburetor and superheaterto the temperature best suited for I gasification of the oil.

In this connection, it should be noted that the percentage of carbonmonoxide in the blast gases increases with rise in temperature of thefuel bed, and that while some carbon monoxide is present in the blastgases leaving a blue gas generator, the quantity of carbon monoxideproduced during the ordinary blue gas blast is insufficient to bringacarbureter and superheater to the temperature best suited forgasification of the oil.

This is why it is necessary to continue the blast in the ease ofcarbureted water gas manufacture until suflicient combustible gas isburned down stream from the generator fuel bed to bring the carburetorand superheater up to temperature.

In other words, the blast is continued in the case of carbureted watergas for a considerable fraction of the total blasting period after thefuel bed is in condition for the manufacture of blue gas.

Therefore, a given gas-making set can produce 24 hours, when thefinished gas is ordinary blue gas than when the finished gas iscarbureted water gas. It is estimated that the shorter blast in the caseof blue gas manufacture makes it possible with a given generator toproduceapproximately 20% more blue gas than is possible when the bluegas is carbureted with oil.

In practically all cases where gas sets are maintained for standbypurposes, for example, as a standby to a supply of natural gas 'it isdesirable that the capacity be increased to the maximum since any use issolely to relieve an emergency.

additional heat required to heat up the carbureter and superheater isobtained at the expense of the relatively costly fuel of the fuel bed.

A feature of this invention, therefore, is to so modify the constructionand/or operation of carbureted water gas sets as to greatly increasetheir gas making capacities and/or operating economies. I

Other features of the invention reside in the construction, arrangementand combination of parts, and in the steps, combinations of steps, andsequences of steps, all of which together with other features willbecome more apparent to persons skilled in the art as the specificationproceeds and upon reference to the drawings in which:

Figure l is an elevation, partly in section, illustrating a 3 shellcarbureted water gas set having the invention adapted thereto;

Figure 2 is an elevation, partly in section, illustrating a differentform of the invention; and

Figure 3 is an elevation, partly in section, illustrating a furthermodification.

Referring now more particularly to Figure 1, I indicates a generator, 2a carbureter, 3 a superheater, and 4 a wash box.

Generator I is illustrated as having a fuel bed 5, an up run air blastsupply 8, and an up run steam supply I.

superheater 3 is shown with a down run steam supply 8.

Generator l is provided at its top with an offtake 9 leading to the topof the carbureter 2, and 'carbureter 2 is provided at its base with anoff-take ill leading to the base of the superconsiderably more blue gasin a given period, say heater 3, g

superheater 3 is shown with a stack valve II and a gas off-take I2, thelatter leading to wash box 4 through valve I3.

Generator I has a gas off-take I4 at ,its base provided with valve I5.Gas off-take I4' leads to wash box 4.

Wash box 4 is shown with the conventional gas off-take I6.

Secondary air supplies are at 24.

Carbureter 2 is shown provided at its top with an oil spray 2| andgenerator I is shown pro- ,vided at its top with an oil spray 25. i

The apparatus so far particularly described is entirely conventional incharacter. Any other carbureted water gas equipment might have beensubstituted for the purposes of describing the invention.

carbureter 2 is shown additionally provided at its top with a fuelburner 23 adapted to burn a suitable fuel such as tar, oil, gas, or thelike."

The hot blast'gases from generator I after;

being supplied with sufficient secondary air to ,burn the carbonmonoxide therein, such as at IT,

or at 24, or both, enter carbureter 2 through off-- take 9, pass downthrough the carbureter} and up through the superheater 3 along with thecombustion products from burner 23. and/or'bumer the carbureter andsuperheater. The blast gases and combustion products finally escapethcrough stack valve II.

The amount of fuel burned by burners 23 and/or 26 and/or by an othersimilar fuel burners (according to the size and/or construction oftheset) during the blast is preferably so regulated' as to bring thecarbureter and super-1 heater up to" the desired temperature byv thetime the fuel bed 5 is in condition for'the manufacture of blue gas.

shown atIi and I such as tar,- oil, gas, or

ma be made in any manner known in the art. 1 For instance, the set maybe purged of blast gases by steam admitted at], valve I'I' closed, valveI3 opened and an up run made by continuing to supply steam at I.

. The blue gas thus made passes through carbureter 2, superheater 3,wash box 4 and flows out through off-take I6. During the up run withsteam, oil maybe introduced into the set for cracking and fixing.

in the carbureter and superheater.

.Although the point of introduction of" oil may vary in different gasmaking equipment, for convenience in description, I have illustrated theoil spray 2| at the top of carbureter 2 and the oil spray 25 at the topof generator I, either or both of which may be employed,

Irrespective of the construction of the, inside of the carbureter, whichmay vary widely in different types of apparatus, it is customary to havea substantial part of this oil come directly into contact with .hotsurfaces whether they be surfaces of the fuel bed, orsurfaces inside ofthe carbureter. Thecarbureter may contain checkerbrick, or refractorysurfaces of any other construction such as a pier, or the carbureter maybe of the empty type.

I Howevenwhether coining into contact with hot surfaces or not this oilis subjected to the temperatures of the carbureter and superheater as iit is carried along by the stream of blue gas and is cracked and fixedinto gas for enriching the blue gas.

After the up'run valve I3 may be closed, valve I5 opened and steam maybe reversed through the set by admitting it at 8. This steam is super- 126, thus assisting in raising the temperature of The blast period isthus considerably shortened making. it possible to make: a much largernum-' ber of gas making runs during any given period,

say 24 hours. The capacity of a set is thus very materially increased.For instance, it is: estimated that a set capable of producing 5 millioncubic feet of carbureted water gas per day may be so increased incapacity by my invention as to be capable'of producing 6 million cubicfeet or more of carbureted water gas per day without materiallyalterating the B. t..u. of the gas.

At the same time considerable savings may be made in the fuel requiredfor heating the car.- bureter and superheater provided auxiliary fuelmay be had at a lower cost per therm than generator fuel which is thecase at the present time.

In fact the invention may, in many instances,

heated in superheater 3 and carbureter 2, and is passed down throughfuel'bed 5, thus generating blue gas which passes through off-take 14directly to wash box 4. j

- It is common practice, though by no means essential, to also introduceoil into the back'run,

for instance, at the top'of the carbureter as at 33, or at the top ofthe. generator as at 2|, or at the top of the superheater, or at two ormore points. This oil and/or its decomposition prodnets are carrieddown'through the fuel bed 5 along with the steam where cracking intohydrogen and hydrocarbons takes place. This carburets or enriches theblue gas simultaneously formed by interaction of the steam and the carbon of the fuel bed. h

To complete the cycle the back run is followed by an up run purge withsteam.

v It is, of course, understood that any other gas making cycle might besubstituted. For-instance,

the back run may be eliminated.

be employed to effect these savings in fuel without much thought givento'increasing the production of gas.

After the set has been brought 'upto temperature by the blast run, a gasmaking runor runs The heating of the carbureter and superheater withaseparate source of heat simultaneously with the blastis, of course,subject to considerable variation.

Variations are illustrated, for instance in Figure 2, wherein IOIindicates a generator, I02 a carbureter, I03 a superheater and I04 awash box. Generator MI is illustrated as having a fuel bed I05, an uprun air blast supply I 08, and an up run steam supply I 01.

superheater I03 is shown with a steam supply I08.

Generator IN is provided at its top with an off-take I09 leading to thetop of carbureter I I2, and carbureter I02 is provided at its base withan off-take H0 leading heater I03.

down

to the base of the supervery distinct advantage.

A spray for oil or other enriching'fluioi I22 is shown at the top ofgenerator IN.

That part of the apparatus of Figure 2 so far particularly described isentirely conventional in character. Any other gas making equipment mightbe substituted.

At I23 is illustrated a'second generator provided with an air blastsupply I24 and a burner or burners illustrated at I25, said burner orburners being suitable for the burning of tar, oil, gas, or othersuitable material.

Generator I23 has an off-take I21 which, as shown, leads into ofl-take Ias illustrated at I20.

It is, of course, to be understood that Orr-take I21 might lead directlyto the top of carburetor I02, or in fact might lead to the top ofgenerator I05 as illustrated in dotted lines at I20.

' It is conceivable that off-take I21 might enter generator II at someother point, say, for instance, marginally at any suitable point belowor even just above the topof the fuel bed, or

in fact below the grate, provided it is made suitably heat resisting.Passing a part or all of the hot gases from generator I23 through a partor all of the fuel bed has the effect of bringing the fuel bed up totemperature at least in part without consuming the fuel thereof. Whenthe fuel burned in generator I 23 is of lower cost per therm than thefuel of the fuel bed this is a Furthermore, a lower cost fuel such astar has a higher flame temperature than'coke which is a practicaladvantage in this method of heating the fuel bed.

In any event, the hot blast gases produced in generator I23 reachthe topof carburetor I02 whether byway of off-take I00, or through the top ofgenerator III and then off-take I00, or directly from off-take I2'l,"orthrough the fuel bed I05, or otherwise.

The operation of the invention shown in Figure 2 is as follows:

at I05. At the same time tar, oil, gas, or other fuel is supplied togenerator I23 through burner device or devices inserted, or

is burned in a separate generator (or chamber or space) instead of atthe top of the carburetor and/or at the top of the generator. Thisseparate generator, chamber or space might be built into the generatoror carburetor in the form of a dutch ovenor otherwise, if desired.

After the blast the rest of the cycle may be in all respects similar tothat described in connection'with Figure 1, or any other suitable cyclemight be chosen.

If desired, the forms of the invention shown in Figures 1 and 2 might becombined,- for instance by also burning fuel at the top-of carbui reterI02 and/or at the top of generator IIII in Figure 2, conforming the topof the carburter I02 and/or the top of generator I 0! thereto asillustrated in Figure 1, or by adding generator m to Figure l.

'Moreover, generator I23 might be pluralized in which case the hot gasesgenerated might enter the set at one or more points.

Many other variations will suggest themselves to persons skilled in theart upon becoming familiar with this invention.

For instance, checkerbrick might wholly or partially fill carburetorI02, or a pier or other the carbureter might be empty, etc.

An important variation in the blasting run as above described, comprisescontinuously or intermittently feeding the secondary air through gen- Iorator I23, such as at I24, for the purpose of preheating this air andthus making it possible to burn the combustibles in the blast gases moreefficiently and/or to bring the carburetor and superheater up totemperature more quickly.

The feeding of secondary air through generator I23 might be alternatedwith the burning of auxiliary fuel therein either during the blast ofacycle, or from cycle to cycle, or otherwise.

On the other hand, the secondary air might take the form of excess air,that is air beyond the requirements of burner I25, in which case thepreheating of the secondary air might be continuous during the blast. Ifdesired, the volume of this excess air might be varied during the blast(any additional secondary air requirements being made up at 1), or fromblast to blast,

and/or the rate offuel consumption at burner I25 might be likewisevaried, all in accordance with type or character of operation sought. As

I25, and is burned with air supplied through I24.

The hot gases produced in generator I23 combine with the hot blast gasesfrom generator IOI, the latter being supplied with secondary air such asthrough pipe IIO to burn the low proportion of combustibles therein.

The hot gases entering the carbureter raise the temperature of thecarbureter and superheater in the regular way.

an example, the flow of excess air through generator I23 might increasewith increase in combustibles in the blast gases during a cycle.

Other modifications are possible. For instance, the connection shown indotted lines at I20 might lead to a marginal blast connection havingmarginal inlets into generator I05 either above the fuel bed as shown at220 in Figure 3 and to be hereinafter more particularly described, or atany lower'point, that is below the toplevel of the fuel bed. The fuelbed would thus be heated in part by the hot gases from generator I23and/or the secondary air would be preheated by passing through generatorI23.

Referring now more particularly to Figure 3, 20I indicates a generator,202 a carbureter, 203 a superheater, and 204 a wash box.

Generator "I is illustrated as having a fuel bed 205, an up run airblast supply 206, and an up run steam supply 201.

Superheater 203 is shown with a down run steam supply 200.

Generator "I is provided at its top with an offt-ake' 209 leading to thetop of the carburetor 202, and carbureter 202 is provided at its basewith an off-take 2l0 leading to the base of the superheater 203.

Superheater 203 is shown with a stack valve 2 and a gas off-take 2|2,the latter leading to wash box 204 through valve 2l3.

Generator 20l has a gas oil-take 2 at its base provided with valve 255.Gas off-take 2| leads to wash box 205.

Wash box 204 is shown with the conventional gas off-take 2l6.

Generator is shown provided with means for supplying secondary airmarginally adjacent to the top of the fuel bed. This means may be, forillustration, air supply means 2", valve 213, bustle pipe 2|! and theconnections 220 leading to the interior of the generator, for instance,just above the level of the fuel bed, although any other suitableposition may be adopted, for instance, just below the level of the fuelbed.

Another secondary air supply is shown at 2lla.

' Generator 20i is 'also shown provided with spray means 22! forenriching material, suchas oil. Spray MI is adapted to spray oil orother enriching material onto the fuel bed, and particularly onto themarginal hot zone 224 pro-I duced by the secondary blast throughconnections 220.

Carbureter 202 is illustrated as comprising a generally cylindricalvessel having a pier 23f centrally arranged therein and terminating.

short of the top thereof. An annular space 232 is thus provided.

Any of the carbureter pier arrangements disclosed in my Patent1,767,564, June 24, 1930, might be substituted for pier 23!.

233 is an oil spray device controlled by valve 234. Nozzle 235 of spraydevice 233 ispreferably selected and positioned and adjusted to spraythe oil, or other enriching material, into the annular space 232.

Carbureter m is provided 'at its top with a burner tip 240 for eflicientcombustion of the particular fuel employed. Devices adapted for abovesuggested are well known in the art.

The operation of the apparatus shown in Figure 3 will be described inconnection with what might be termed a conventional cycle, except forthe modification which I have introduced.

The fuel bed 205 is blasted with air supplied at 206.

Simultaneously therewith, burner 230 is op-' erated for heatingcarbureter 202 and superheater 203.

The hot blast gases from generator 20l, after being supplied withsufficient secondary air to burn the carbon monoxide present, entercarbureter 202 through off-take 209, pass down through the carbureter202 and up through the superheater 203 along with the combustionprodacts from burner 230, thus assisting in raising the temperature ofthe carbureter and superheater, and the combined gases finally escapethrough stack valve 2i I. I

The amount of fuel burned by fuel burner 236 and by any additionalsimilar fuel burners. (according to the size and/or construction of theset) during the blast is preferably so proportioned as to bringthecarbureter and super- After the set has been brought up to temperatureby the blast run a gas making run or runs may be made in any mannerknown in the art.

While the marginal blast at 220 and/or the use of pier 23i are preferredand very desirable, it is to be understood that one or more or all ofthese features might be eliminated or substituted by conventional orother devices without departing from the broad concept of the invention.

The use of the marginal blast as illustrated at 220 is particularlyadvantageous during the short blast, not only for burning the smallproportion of carbon monoxide produced, but also for --conditioning thefuel bed for the vaporization of oil and particularly heavy oil whenthis is admitted through spray 22l It is essential to the maximumcapacity operation of a set that the combustibles during the blast beburned as completely as possible in the carburetor and superheater; Themore quickly the blast gases ignite on entering the carbureter and themore rapid their combustion and the more quickly the combustion productsfrom fuel burner 236 ignite and the more rapid their combustion, themore surely will this end be attained.

The checkerbrick 242 above the level of offiake 200, and the hot spotpreserved at the top of the pier 23l are ideal for this purpose. In viewof their position outside of the gas-making stream, checkerbrick 242 aremaintained 'at'a relatively high temperature thus assuring immediateignition and complete combustion of liquid tageous in gasifying the oiland fixing the oil the efficient combustion of fuels of the type ivapors. The results are far more than cumulative.

Whilev the use of secondary air has been in- ,dicated at certain pointsit is to be understood that this may be changed to other suitable pointor points, if desired, and according to the chosenoperation which is, ofcourse, subject to considerable variation, without'departing from thebroad concept of the invention.

Furthermore, burner 233 and/or oil spray 233 making path during theblast is down stream from the top of the fuel bed, as above pointed outthe point of admission of auxiliary heat.

might be further upstream such asat a point or points in and/or alongthe fuel bed and/or up stream from the fuel bed. In fact and as stated,a part of such auxiliary heat, particularly when capable of productionat a lower cost per them might be used at least in part for raising thetemperature of the fuel bed instead of burning the fuel bed for thispurpose.

As an illustration, under present market con ditions heat can beproduced considerably cheaper by burning tar than by burning coke;

Therefore, by burning tar in a separate generator, such as generator I23of Figure 2, and passing the combustion products through the fuel bedI05, a much smaller portion of the fuel -bed will need to be burned tobring it up to temperature.

Therefore, it is to be understood that'the above particular descriptionis by way of illustration, and that changes, omissions, additions,substitutions and/or modifications might be made within the scope of theclaims without departing from the spirit of the invention.

I claim:

l. A method for making carbureted'water gas in a carbureted water gasset including a single generator containing a carbonaceous fuel bed, asingle carbureter, a single superheater in individual detached shellsand a wash box connected in series, comprising intermittently blastingthe fuel bed of said generator by passing primary air therethroughupwardly from the bottom, marginally blasting the upper portion of saidfuel bed with secondary air, passing the blast gases thus producedthrough said, carbureter and superheater, said carbureter having anannular gas-making path which is substantially unobstructed and formedby a hollow chamber having a pier positioned in the center thereof,simul taneously supplying additional heat tosaid carbureter andsuperheater from a fuel burner located at the top of said carbureter,said fuel burner being directed downwardly into said annular passage,said additional heat being sufficient in quantity to bring saidcarbureter and superheater up to oil-gas-making temperature as soon assaid fuel bed is up to blue-gas-making temperature, and intermediatesaidblast runs making a gas-making run by passing steam blue-gas-makingtemperature, and intermediate said blasting runs making a gas-making runby passing steam through said fuel bed and flowing the resulting gasesthrough said carbureter and superheater while spraying oil into the pathof said last mentioned gases for vaporization and fixing, whereby saidgenerator is operated with respect to the quantity of heat stored in thefuel bed by passing primary air therethrough as in blue-gas practicewherein no carburetion with oil takes place and said carbureter andsuperheater areoperated with respect to the quantity of heat stored asin carbureted water gas practice wherein carburetion with oil does takeplace. 3. In a cyclic process for making carbureted water gas which,when practiced in a carbureted water gas set comprising a singlegenerator containing a carbonaceous fuel bed a single through said fuelbed and flowing the resulting gases through said carbureter andsuperheater while spraying oil into said set for vaporization andfixing, whereby said generator is operated'with respect to the quantityof heat stored in the fuel bed by passing primary air therethrough as inblue-gas practice wherein no carburetion with oil takes place and saidcarbureter and superheater are operated with respect to the quantity ofheat stored as in carbureted water gas practice wherein carburetion withoil does take place.

2. A method for making carbureted water gas in a carbureted water-gasset including a single generator containing a carbonaceous fuel bed asingle carbureter a single superheater in individual detached shells anda wash box connected in series, comprising intermittently blasting thefuel bed of said generator by passing primary air therethrough upwardlyfrom the bottom, marginally blasting the upper portion of said fuel bedwith secondary air, passing the blast gases thus produced through saidcarbureter and superheater, said carbureter having a substantiallyunobstructed annular gas-making path' formed by a hollow chamber havinga pier positioned in the center thereof, supplying additional heat tosaid fuel bed and to said carbureter and superheater by passing hotcombustion gases from a second generator through at least a part of saidfuel bed and then through said carbureter and superheater, and bypreheating said secondary air by passing said secondary air through saidsecond generator prior to its use for said marginal blasting, saidadditional heat being sufficient in quantity to have said carbureter andsuperheaterup to oil-gasmakingtemperature when said fuel bed is up tocarbureter a single superheater in individual detached shells and a washbox connected in series, normally includes intermittently bringing saidfuel bed up to gas-making temperature by blasting said fuel bed withprimary air and bringing said carbureter and superheater up to oilcarbureting temperature by burning with secondary air combustible gasresulting from said primary air blasting of said fuel bed and acontinuation thereofv after said fuel bed becomes adequately conditionedas to stored heat for a blue gas-making run without carburetion, thesteps of supplying simultaneously with said air blasting suflicientadditional heat to said carbureter and superheater from a source otherthan said fuel bed to produce stored heat conditions in said carbureterand superheater adequate for required carburetion with oil substantiallyas soon as stored heat conditions in said fuel bed become adequate for anormal blue gas-making run without carburetion, stopping said blastingand said additional heating substantially as soon as the stored heatconditions of said fuel bed become adequate for beginning a normal bluegas-making run without carburetion, and intermediate said blast runsmaking a gas-making run by passing steam through said fuel bed andflowing the resulting gases through said carbureter and superheaterwhile introducing oil into the path of said last mentioned gases forvaporization and fixing, whereby said generator is operated with respectto the quantity of heat stored in the fuel bed by passing primary airtherethrough as in blue gas practice wherein no carburetion withpetroleum hydrocarbons takes place and said carbureter and superheaterare operated with respect to the quantity of heat stored as incarbureted water gas practice wherein carburetion with petroleumhydrocarbons does take place.

4. In a cyclic process for making carbureted water gas which, whenpracticed in a carbureted water gas set comprising a single generatorcontaining acarbonaceous fuel bed a single carbureter a singlesuperheater in individual detached'shells and a wash box connected inseries, normally includes intermittently bringing said fuel bed up togas-making temperature steps of preheating said secondary air with a ingsimultaneously with said air blasting suiil-' cient additional heat tosaid carbureter and superheater from a source otherthan said fuel bed toproduce stored heat conditions in said carbureter and superheateradequate for required carburetion with oil substantially as soon asstored heat conditions in said fuel bed hecome adequate for a normalglue gas-making run without carburetion, stopping said blasting and saidadditional heating substantially as soon as the stored heat conditionsof said fuel bed become. adequate for beginning a normal blue gas-makingrun without carburetion, and intermediate said blast runs making agas-making run by passing steam through said fuel bed and flowing theresulting gases through said car bureter and superheater whileintroducing oil into the path of said last mentioned gases forvaporization and fixing, whereby said generator is operated with respectto the quantity of heat stored in the fuel bed by passing primary airtherethrough as in blue gas practice wherein no carburetion withpetroleum hydrocarbons,

takes place and said carbureter and superheater are operated withrespect to the quantity of heat stored as in carbureted water gaspractice wherein carburetion with petroleum hydrocarbons' does takeplace.

5. In a cyclic process for making carbureted water gas which, whenpracticed in a carbureted water gas set comprising a single generatorcontaining a carbonaceous fuel bed a single carbureter a singlesuperheater in individual detached shells and a washbox connected inseries, normally includes intermittently bringing said fuel bed upto-gas making temperature by blasting said fuel bed with primary air andbringing said carbureter and superheater up to oil carburetingtemperature by burning with secondary air combustible gas resulting fromsaid primary air of said .fuel bed and a continuation thereof after saidfuel bed becomes adequately conditioned as to stored heat for a bluegasing run without carburetion, the steps of supplying simultaneouslywith said air blasting sufficient additional heat to said carbureter andsuperheater from a source other than said fuel bed to uce stored heatconditions in said carbureter'and superheater adequate for requiredcarburetion with oil substantially as soon as stored heat conditions insaid fuel bed become adequate for a normal blue gas-making run withoutcarburetion, stopp n said blasting and said additional heatingsubstantially as soon as the stored heat conditions of said fuel bedhecome adequate for beginning a normal blue-gasmaking run withoutcarburetion. and intermediate said blast runs' making gas-making runsincluding a forward run made by passing steam through said fuel bed andflowing the resulting gases through said carbureter and superheaterwhile introducing oil into the path of said last mentioned gases forvaporization and fixing, and a back run, whereby said generator isoperated with respect to the quantity of heat stored in the superheaterfrom a source'other than said'fuel bed, stopping said blasting upon thearrival of said 'fuel bed at stored heat conditions adequateforbeginning a normal blue gas-making run without carburetion, stoppingsaid additional heating of said carbureter and superheater upon thearrival of said carbureter and superheater at stored heat conditionsadequate for the desired carburetion with oil, and following the heatingportion of the cycle with a gas-making run by passing steam throughthefuel bed andflowing the resulting gases through said carbureter andsuperheater while spraying oil into the path of said last-mentionedgases for vaporization and fixing, whereby said generator ,is operatedwith respect to the quantity of heat stored in the fuel bed by passingprimary air therethroughas in blue gas practice wherein no carburetionwith petroleum hydrocarbons takes place and said carbureter andsuperheater are operated with fuel bed by passing primary airtherethrough as in blue gas practice wherein no carburetion withpetroleum hydrocarbons takes place and said carbureter and superheaterare. operated with respect to thequantity of heatsfored as in carburetedwater gas practice wherein carburetion with petroleum hydrocarbons doestake place.

" B. A cyclic process for making carbureted water gas in a carburetedwater gas set including respect to the quantity of heat stored as incarbureted water gas practice wherein'carburetion with petroleumhydrocarbons does take place.

'1. A cyclic process for making carbureted water gas in a carburetedwater gas set including a single generator containing a carbonaceousfuel bed-a single ca'rburetera single superheater in individual detachedshells and a wash box connected in series, comprising blasting the fuelbed of said generator by passing primary. air therethrough, passing thehot blast gases through said carbureter and superheater, simultaneouslysupp y n additional heat to said carbureter and superheater by thecombustion of liquid hydrocarbon fuel, stopping said blasting upon-the,arrival of said fuel bed at stored heat conditlons adequate forbeginning a normal blue gasmaking run withoutcarburetion; stopping'saidadditional heating of said carbureter and superheater upon the arrivalof said carbureter and superheater at stored heat conditions adequatefor the desired carburetion with oil, and following the heating portionof the cycle with a gas-making run by steam through'the fuel bed andflowing the resulting gases through said carbureter and superheaterwhile spraying" oil into the path of said' last-mentioned gases forvaporization and fixing, whereby said generator is operated with respectto the quantity of heat stored in the fuel bed by passing primary airtherethrough as in blue gas practice wherein no carburetion withpetroleum hydrocarbons takes place and said carbureter and superheaterare operated with respect to the quantity of heat stored as incarbureted water gas practice wherein carburetion with petroleumhydrocarbons does take place.

8. A cyclic process for making carbureted water gas in a carburetedwater gas set including a single generator containing a, carbonaceousfuel bed a single carbureter a single superheater,

to said carbureter and superheater by passing hot gases from a sourceother than said fuel bed through at least a portion of said fuel bed andthen through said carbureter and superheater,

- stopping said blasting upon the arrival of said iuel'bed at storedheat conditions adequate for beginning a normal blue gas-making runwithout carburetion, stopping said additional heating of said carbureterand superheater upon the arrival of said carbureter and superheater atstored heat conditions adequate for the desired carburetion with oil,and following the heating portion of the cycle with a gas-making run bypassing steam through the fuel bed and flowing the troleum hydrocarbonstakes place and said carbureter and superheater are operated withrespect to the quantity of heat stored as in carbureted water gaspractice wherein earburetion with petroleum hydrocarbons does takeplace.

HARUTYUN G. TERZIAN.

